Large Exposures: Implicit Credit Risk Concentration add-ons and the Basel Framework

Main Article Content

José Juan Chávez
https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9593-7789

Abstract

The Basel large exposures standard, addressed to banks, is in the process of being implemented, and although the new rule is  reducing the limit for the large credit exposures in banks, and is geared to better control the portfolio risk parameters that make a portfolio more prone to losses due to credit concentration, it is important to know the share of risk and capital implicit to this new  rule. In this work, the implicit add-ons for credit risk concentration are determined through a Monte Carlo credit risk model, and the results are compared with current capital requirements. The author also analyzed the complete Basel framework to understand how the concentration risk is addressed in an integrated approach rather than with a specific capital supplement.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

PLUMX Metrics

Article Details

How to Cite
Chávez, J. J. (2024). Large Exposures: Implicit Credit Risk Concentration add-ons and the Basel Framework. The Anáhuac Journal, 24(1), Págs. 114–159. https://doi.org/10.36105/theanahuacjour.2024v24n1.05
Section
Artículos
Author Biography

José Juan Chávez, EGADE Business School, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Mexico

José Juan Chávez obtained the following degrees: a Bachelor’s in Economics from the School of Economics at the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), a Master’s in Finance, and a PhD in Financial Sciences at the Instituto Tecnológico de Monterrey (ITESM; EGADE Business School). He has been a professor at the ITESM, where he has taught courses at the undergraduate and graduate levels—both master’s and PhD—for over 15 years, especially in risk management, corporate finance, and credit financing. Chávez has wide experience in the financial sector in Mexico. He worked for 34 years in Grupo Financiero Scotiabank Inverlat (GFSI) in corporate credit financing, credit policy, and credit analysis, credit risk modelling and management, and liquidity risk management. He successfully led the Basel Accord implementation in GFSI for ten years, and for the last eight years has worked in optimizing regulatory and economic capital with excellent results. He was head of the Risk Committee of the AMIB (Mexican Brokerage Houses and Investment Funds Association) from late 2020 to early 2024, where he led the group that determined the collateral haircuts for repo and securities lending markets, applying state-of-theart market risk and credit risk standards. Currently, he is devoted to research and education activities.

References

Artzner, P., Delbaen, F., Eber, J. & Heath, D. (1999). Coherent measures of risk. Mathematical Finance, (9)3, 203–228. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9965.00068 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9965.00068

Banco de México. (2023). Reporte de estabilidad financiera: segundo semestre 2023. https://www.banxico.org.mx/publicaciones-y-prensa/reportes-sobre-el-sistemafinanciero/%7B6B881BAE-59D7-05D2-0B38-1E72528030BA%7D.pdf

Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS). (2004). International convergence of capital measurement and capital standards: A revised framework. Bank for International Settlements. https://www.bis.org/publ/bcbs107.htm

Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS). (2005). Selected literature on concentration risk in credit portfolios. Bank for International Settlements. https://www.bis.org/bcbs/events/rtf05biblio.htm

Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS). (2006). Studies on credit risk concentration:An overview of the issues and a synopsis of the results from the Research Task Force project. (Working Paper No. 15). Bank for International Settlements. https://www.bis.org/publ/bcbs_wp15.htm

Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS). (2009). Strengthening the resilience of the banking sector. Bank for International Settlements. https://www.bis.org/publ/bcbs164.htm

Basel Committee on Banking (BCBS). (2023). Regulatory Consistency Assessment Programme (RCAP). Assessment of Basel large exposures regulations – Mexico. https://www.bis.org/bcbs/publ/d564.htm

Comisión Nacional Bancaria y de Valores. (CNBV). (2023). Manual para la elaboración de la evaluación de suficiencia de capital bajo escenarios supervisores e internos 2023-2025. https://portafolioinfo.cnbv.gob.mx/PortafolioInformacion/Manual_BM.pdf

Comisión Nacional Bancaria y de Valores. (CNBV). (2024a). Disposiciones de carácter general aplicables a las instituciones de crédito. https://shorturl.at/aIMS1

Comisión Nacional Bancaria y de Valores. (CNBV). (2024b). Bancos de Importancia Sistémica Local. https://www.gob.mx/cnbv/acciones-y-programas/bancos-de-importancia-sistemica

Comisión Nacional Bancaria y de Valores. (CNBV). (2024c). Portafolio de Información. https://portafolioinfo.cnbv.gob.mx/Paginas/Inicio.aspx

Consejo de Estabilidad del Sistema Financiero. (2018–2024). Informe anual sobre el estado que guarda la estabilidad del sistema financiero en México y sobre las activi dades realizadas por el Consejo de Estabilidad del Sistema Financiero. https://www.cesf.gob.mx/en/CESF/Publicaciones_e_informes

Financial Stability Institute. (FSI). (2019). The capital buffers in Basel III: Executive summary. Bank for International Settlements. https://www.bis.org/fsi/fsisummaries/b3_capital.htm

Financial Stability Institute (FSI). (2022). Large exposures standard: Executive summary. Bank for International Settlements. https://www.bis.org/fsi/fsisummaries/lex.pdf

Gordy, M. (2003). A risk-factor model foundation for ratings-based bank capital rules. Journal of Financial Intermediation, 12(3), 199-232. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1042-9573(03)00040-8 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1042-9573(03)00040-8

Gordy, B. & Lutkebohmert, E. (2013). Granularity Adjustment for Regulatory Capital Assessment. International Journal of Central Banking, 9(3), 33-71. https://www.ijcb.org/journal/ijcb13q3a2.pdf

Hibbeln, M. (2010). Risk Management in Credit Portfolios: Concentrations Risk and Basel II. (Contributions to Economics). Physica Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7908-2607-4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7908-2607-4

JP Morgan & Reuters. (eds.) (1996). RiskMetrics-Technical Document. Morgan Guaranty Trust Company of New York. https://www.msci.com/documents/10199/5915b101-4206-4ba0-aee2-3449d5c7e95a

Márquez Diaz-Canedo, J. (2003). Suficiencia de capital y riesgo de crédito en portafolios de préstamos bancarios. In Elizondo, A. (Ed.). Medición integral del riesgo de crédito. Limusa. DOI: https://doi.org/10.36095/banxico/di.2002.04

Nokkala, Jan. (2022). Are large credit exposures a source of concentration risk? Bank i Kredyt, 53 (4), 375-398. https://bankikredyt.nbp.pl/content/2022/04/BIK_04_2022_02.pdf

Relim, T., Mariano, A., Monteiro, S., Grubisic, V. & Oliveira, E. (2019). Credit Risk Concentration in the Banking Industry: A Systematic Literature Review. 34th IBIMA Conference, November 13–14, Madrid. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/339314572_Credit_Risk_Concentration_in_the_Banking_Industry_A_Systematic_Literature_Review

Venegas Martínez, F. (2008). Riesgos financieros y económicos. Cengage Learning. Wilde, T. (2001a). The IRB approach explained. Risk Magazine, 14(5), 87-90. https://www.risk.net/infrastructure/1530304/irbapproach-explained

Wilde, T. (2001b). Probing granularity. Risk Magazine, 14(8), 103-106. https://www.risk.net/infrastructure/1530360/probing-granularity

World Bank. (n.d.). Global Financial Development Database. (DataBank) https://shorturl.at/aflPT

Yi Xiao, J. & Finger, C. (2002). Treatment of Retail and Small Business Exposures. (Risk-Metrics Group Product Technical Note). RiskMetrics Group.