Dilemas éticos del diagnóstico genético prenatal no invasivo, utilizando la tecnología de ADN fetal libre en células: una valoración de los primeros diez años, desde su introducción en la práctica médica

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Pasquale Gallo
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1204-5172

Resumen

Antecedentes: En 2011 se introdujo en la práctica clínica la prueba de cribado no invasiva, basada en el análisis de ADN fetal libre en células (cf-ADN) en sangre de gestantes, revolucionado rápidamente el mundo del Diagnóstico Genético Prenatal (DGP). Método: Se ha realizado una búsqueda bibliográfica para identificar los artículos publicados desde la introducción de esta prueba centrada en el cf-ADN y en las cuestiones éticas asociadas a ella. Resultados: Se encontraron 26 artículos. Las principales cuestiones éticas destacadas fueron: implicaciones para el consentimiento informado, aumento de la tasa de abortos, preocupación por la divulgación de hallazgos secundarios incidentales y prácticas discriminatorias para personas con enfermedades congénitas y discapacidad.  Conclusión: Los tests cf-ADN deberían estar limitados a los casos estrictamente necesarios. Debe respetarse el derecho a tomar decisiones individuales, aunque sigue siendo más importante prevenir la discriminación, respetar la dignidad humana y evitar la difusión de una mentalidad eugenésica.

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Dilemas éticos del diagnóstico genético prenatal no invasivo, utilizando la tecnología de ADN fetal libre en células: una valoración de los primeros diez años, desde su introducción en la práctica médica. (2022). Medicina Y Ética, 33(2), 323-356. https://doi.org/10.36105/mye.2022v33n2.01

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