How NaProTechnology compares with Assisted Reproductive Technology

Main Article Content

Pasquale Gallo
Joseph Tham

Abstract




The progressive medicalisation of infertility in the last three decades has corresponded to an increasing diffusion of the Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART) which have nearly completely concealed other more physiological, less risky, inexpensive and equally effective approaches to infertility. This paper tries to show how a systematic and integrated approach, such as NaProTechnology (NPT), which aims at optimising the physiological conditions in each menstrual cycle to allow a natural conception, seems to be a better solution for the treatment of infertility from ethical, medical, social, legal and environmental points of view. Governments should promote and finance NPT, and at the same time, medical and scientific societies should design studies to fairly compare NPT success rate, costs and complications to traditional ART.




Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

PLUMX Metrics

Article Details

How to Cite
Gallo, P., & Tham, J. (2022). How NaProTechnology compares with Assisted Reproductive Technology. Medicina Y Ética, 33(1), 205–238. https://doi.org/10.36105/mye.2022v33n1.05
Section
Articles

References

Boivin J, Bunting L, Collins JA, Nygren KG. International estimates of infertility prevalence and treatment-seeking: Potential need and demand for infertility medi- cal care. Human Reproduction. 2007; 22(6): 1506-1512. https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/dem046

Mascarenhas MN, Flaxman SR, Boerma T, Vanderpoel S, Stevens GA. Natio- nal, regional, and global trends in infertility prevalence since 1990: A systematic analysis of 277 health surveys. PLOS Medicine. 2012; 9(12): e1001356. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001356

Stanford JB, Parnell AT, Boyle PC. Outcomes from treatment of infertility with natural procreative technology in an Irish general practice. Journal of the Ameri- can Board of Family Medicine: JABFM. 2008; 21(5): 375-384. https://doi.org/10.3122/jabfm.2008.05.070239

Cates W, Farley TM, Rowe PJ. Worldwide patterns of infertility: Is Africa diffe- rent? Lancet. 1985; 2: 596-598. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(85)90594-X 5. Copperman AB, DeCherney AH. Turn, turn, turn. Fertil Steril. 2006; 85(1): 12-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2005.07.1297

Lee P, Tham J. Catholic approaches to procreation and infertility. In: Joseph Tham, Alberto García Gómez, John Lunstroth eds. Multicultural & Interreligious Perspec- tives on the Ethics of Human Reproduction. Springer. 2021 (In press).

Genesis 1: 28, «Be fertile and multiply»; Genesis 2: 24, «That is why a man leaves his father and mother and is united to his wife, and they become one flesh». 8. Pope Paul VI, Pastoral Constitution on The Church in The Modern World, Gau- dium et Spes, December 7, 1965.

Wilson MA. The practice of natural family planning versus the use of artificial birth control: Family, sexual and moral issues. Catholic Social Science Review. 2002; 7. https://doi.org/10.5840/cssr2002718

Sgreccia E. Personalist Bioethics: Foundations and applications. 1st edition. Philadelphia: National Catholic Bioethics Center. 2012: 475-531

United States Conference of Catholic Bishops. Life-giving love in an age of technology. 2017. Available at: http://www.usccb.org/upload/lifegiving-love-age-te- chnology-2009.pdf

Tham J. Will to power: A critique of nihilistic tendencies in reproductive techno- logy. The New Bioethics. 2012; 18(2): 115-132. https://doi.org/10.1179/2050287713Z.00000000014

«Leading Bioethicist Supports Reproductive Cloning». BioEdge, no. 241; March 21, 2007.

«What Is Wrong with Cloning Anyway». BioEdge, no. 221; October 3, 2006. 15. «Let’s Legalise Human Cloning, Says Bioethicist». BioEdge, no. 259; August 1, 2007.

Assefi N, Levine BA. How in Vitro Fertilization (IVF) works. TED-Ed. 2015. Avai- lable at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P27waC05Hdk

Hilbert SM, Gunderson S. Complications of assisted reproductive technology. Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America. 2019; 37(2): 239-249. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emc.2019.01.005

Timmons D, Montrief T, Koyfman A, Long B. Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndro- me: A review for emergency clinicians. Am J Emerg Med. 2019; 37(8): 1577-1584. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2019.05.018

Marquardt E, Glenn ND, Clark K. My daddy’s name is donor: A new study of young adults conceived through sperm donation. 1st Edition, Broadway Publica- tions; 2010.

See Alternativefamilies.org which has information to help gays and lesbians to have children through different means.

Gallagher J. It is time to make three-person babies. BBC News, Sec. Health. November 30, 2016. Available at: http://www.bbc.com/news/health-38159777

Marquardt E. One parent or five: A global look at today’s new intentional fami- lies. The Institute for American Values. September 2011.

Jeynes HS. The effects of several of the most common family structures on the academic achievement of eighth graders. Marriage and Family Review. 2000; 30(1-2): 73-97. https://doi.org/10.1300/J002v30n01_06

Stack S, Ross Eshleman J. Marital status and happiness: A 17-Nation study. Journal of Marriage and the Family. 1998; 60(2): 527-536. https://doi.org/10.2307/353867

Dawson DA. Family structure and children’s health and well-being: Data from the 1988 national health interview survey on child health. Journal of Marriage and the Family. 1991; 53(3): 573-584. https://doi.org/10.2307/352734

Rohner RP, Veneziano RA. The Importance of father love: History and contem- porary evidence. Review of General Psychology. 2001; 5(4): 382-405. https://doi.org/10.1037/1089-2680.5.4.382

Putnam F. Ten year research update review: Child sexual abuse. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 2003; 42(3): 269-279. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004583-200303000-00006

Stiffman M. et al. Household composition and risk of fatal child maltreatment. Pediatrics. 2002; 109(4): 615-621. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.109.4.615

Brown SL. The effect of union type on psychological well-being: Depression among cohabitors versus marrieds. Journal of Health and Social Behaviour. 2000; 41(3): 241-255. https://doi.org/10.2307/2676319

Horwitz AV, Raskin H. The relationship of cohabitation and mental health: A study of a young adult cohort. Journal of Marriage and the Family. 1998; 60(2): 505ff. https://doi.org/10.2307/353865

Environmental Protection Agency. Climate change indicators in the United Sta- tes. 2010. Available at: http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/indicators.html

Asin D. Covering Climate: What’s population got to do with It? Woodrow Wil- son International Center for Scholars Events, October 14, 2009. Available at: http:/ /www.wilsoncenter.org/event/covering-climate-whats-population-got-to-do-it

Richie C. What would an environmentally sustainable reproductive technology industry look lie. J Med Ethics. 2015; 41: 383-387. https://doi.org/10.1136/medethics-2013-101716

Scutti S. At least 8 million IVF babies born in 40 years since historic first. July 3, 2018. Available at: https://edition.cnn.com/2018/07/03/health/worldwide-ivf-ba- bies-born-study/index.html.

Murtaugh P, Schla M. Reproduction and the carbon legacies of individuals. Global Environ Change. 2009; 19: 14-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2008.10.007

Hilgers TW. Introduction to the Creighton Model System. In: Hilgers TW, ed. The medical and surgical practice of NaProTechnology. Ohama (NE): Pope Paul VI Institute Press. 2004: 43-56.

Check JH. Diagnosis and treatment of cervical mucus abnormalities. Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol. 2006; 33: 140-142.

The Practice Committee of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine. Use of Clomiphene in women. Fertil Steril. 2003; 80(5): 1302-1308. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0015-0282(03)01184-1

Pandian Z, Bhattacharya S, Vale S, Templeton A. In Vitro Fertilization for unex- plained infertility. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2005; 18(2): CD003357. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD003357.pub2

Johnson NP, Proctor M, Farquhar CM. Gaps in the evidence for fertility treat- ment, an analysis of the Cochrane menstrual disorders and subfertility group data- base. Hum Reprod. 2003; 18(5): 947-954. https://doi.org/10.1093/eshremonographs/2003.3.21

Kiani AK et al. Complications related to In Vitro Reproductive techniques sup- port the implementation of natural procreative technologies. Acta Biomed. 2020; 91(13-S): e2020018.

Niemitz EL, Feinberg AP. Epigenetics and assisted reproductive technology: A call for investigation. Am J Hum Genet. 2004; 74(4): 599-609. https://doi.org/10.1086/382897

Saint Peter’s Healthcare System. NaProTechnology, new hope in infertility. 2012. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/embed/ylaZGW028y8.

John Paul II. Address to UNESCO. June 2, 1980. Available at: http://inters.org/John-Paul-II-UNESCO-Culture

Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith. Donum Vitae. Part II: Interventions upon human procreation. 1983.