Reflexiones desde la bioética sobre el cáncer de cavidad oral avanzado en cirugía oral y maxilofacial. Revisión sistemática
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El cáncer de cavidad oral avanzado es la patología oncológica más frecuente dentro de los tumores de cabeza y cuello para el cirujano maxilofacial. Es por ello por lo que, en el devenir de la enfermedad, pueden aparecer toda una serie de situaciones complejas, que van desde severas complicaciones hasta un posible desenlace fatal. En esta revisión, se trató de identificar y analizar estas situaciones, que se plantean en forma de dilemas, que deben ser atendidos desde una reflexión fundamentada y razonada. Esto supone un importante reto para el cirujano maxilofacial actual, que debe entender la bioética como una disciplina científica y humanística, esencial para reflexionar y responder de forma adecuada a estas situaciones. El enorme desarrollo científico y técnico de la especialidad, no puede ser ajeno a la atención que debe brindarse al paciente oncológico, especialmente ante la posibilidad de abandono, futilidad y obstinación terapéutica. Por el contrario, debe ser una garantía de que la vulnerabilidad del enfermo será atendida y protegida en todo momento. Esto requiere de la adquisición de nuevas habilidades que nos permitan integrar todos los elementos útiles que aseguren el respeto a la dignidad y calidad de vida de la persona.
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